Te Whakapaipai i te Ora o te Pūhiko Rechargeable Ewe

Pēhea te Painga o te Maimoatanga Lithium-Ion ki te Ora Moemoea o te Pūtirotiro Lithium Pākahiko Pākahiko

Te pāinga electrochemical: te tipu a SEI me te ngaro o te taumata o te lithium

Ko te wehenga o ngā pūhiko riata iti tītaha ka tīmata ki te rāwekenga mataara nā te pākihi tā te riata. Ko te mea nui rawa kei konei ko te 'Takotoranga Tātaratanga Kōkiri' i runga i te anō, e mōhiotia ana hei takotoranga SEI e hangaia ana ki te anō i te wā e pāsia ana. I te wā e tāpihi haere ana i ā mātou taputapu, ka piri ake tēnei kiri āhuatanga, ka piri ake, ka piri ake. Ka kai i ngā ion riata iti kāore e pā ana, ā, ka piki hoki te herekenga o roto. Ko te putanga? He iti ake te mātātoko, he iti ake te pūkaha ina mea mātou, mō ngā mea pērā i ngā wāhanga pūkoro, rākau rorohiko rānei. He maha anō ngā raru. Ko ngā mea pērā i te tāpua riata, e hangaia ana ngā taonga metara i te wā e kore ai ngā pānga kimikai e tika ana, tāpirihia atu ko te wehenga o te tātaratanga e hāngai ana ki te nui ake o te riata e here ana. I whakaatu te rangahau mai i te Pukapuka o te Rōpū Tāpihi Kimikai i te tau 2021, i muri i te 500 ngā wā tāpihi, ka ngaro te nuinga o ngā pūhiko i te 20% o te mātātoko tuatahi. Me kaua hoki e wareware ki ngā pakaru iti e tipu mai ana ki ngā taputapu o te anō i te wā e whānui ana, e iti ana haere ana i te wā e tāpihi ana. Ka nui ake te raru i ngā mea katoa. Ko te mea e wehe ana i te hangarau riata iti i ngā momo pūhiko tawhito ko te heke haere o katoa tēnei āhuatanga, ānoa i te wā e noho ana te pākahiko e noho ana kaua i whakamahia i roto i ō mātou pokapoka, i ngā rīpene rānei. Ko te ara anō tēnei i mahi ai ēnei pūngao hou i te matapae.

Te tere haehae (DoD) me te ora o te wāhi: He aha ngā raraunga a DOE e whakaatu nei mō ngā taputapu pūrere

He nui te take o te pā ki te pōturi o mātou pūhiko mō te roa e tū ai rātou i ngā hiko kawe-tū. E ai ki te rangahau mai i te Tari o te Awa o Amerika, he nui te whakakaha o te pupuruhiko iti. Ko ngā pūhiko rītiuma e whakamahia ana i te 30% o te pōturi e tū ana i waenganui i ngā 3,000 ki te 5,000 huri hiko, e toru ngā wā te roa ake i ngā pūhiko e pōturi ana ki te 80% i te wā e waro ana. Ina tākarotia ngā pūhiko, ka tipi ake te rāwekenga o te 'SEI layer', ā, kei te tīmata te mea whakamātau e mōhiotia ana hei 'lithium plating' ina waro ana. Ka taea e tēnei momo whakararu te whakaroa i te pā ki te pōturi ake i te 40% tere ake i te tikanga. Mō ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana i ia rā pērā i ngā pūhiko kawe-tū, i ngā taputapu hauora e hiahiatia ana te mahi tūpono, ko te noho i te 50% o te pōturi e tāpiri ana i te 18 ki te 24 marama tāpiri ki te ora ratonga. E whakaaturia e ngā kaihanga pūhiko kia noho ngā rahi tāpoi i waenganui i te 20% ki te 80% i te wā e tū ana, kaua e huri katoa mai i te kore ki te katoa. E tāpiri ana tēnei ara i te 40% huri tāpoi atu anō, nō reira kua hoahoa ētahi kaihanga taputapu i ō rātou hua me te huri hāpuai hei ara mātua mō te roa o te pūhiko.

Whakahaere Wāhi Pū Tao i te Rangi Mo te Roa Ora O te Pū Tao Kākahu Kākahu Rererangi

Te wāhi māmā tino pai: He aha te 15–25°C e whakaiti ai te pānga kino i te wāhi pū, ākina rānei te pānga o te wāhi pū ki te māra

Ko ngā pūhiko taraiwa rere aunoa mātātoko piripiri e mahi pai ana ina pupuri ana i waenganui i te 15 ki te 25 neketa Celsius. Ina rā pea i tēnei rohe whakamīharo o te wāhi, ka arai hoki te tipu o te hanganga o te kōpae matua (SEI) me te iti ake te ngaro o te matapae lithium i te wā. Arā, ka roa ake te ora o te pūhiko kaua ko te haumaru. Mēnā ka taraiwa i ēnei pūhiko i te wā pārurenga, ka taea te kaupapa e mōhiotia ana hei 'lithium plating' nā te hōrapa o ngā iona e neke ana i te wāhi taraiwa. Ko tēnei e hangaia ai ngā hanganga reka rerehua rerehua kei roto i te pūhiko e mōhiotia ana hei dendrites. I te taha atu, ko te taraiwa i ngā wāhi makariri e huritau ai ngā aha kikokiko katoa e pakaru ana i te wāhi taraiwa me te piki ake i te herekenga o te pūhiko ki te awelika. Mō tēnā katoa e hiahia ana kia mau tonu te mahi pai o ō rātou taputapu mō ngā tau, ko te pupuri i ngā pūhiko ki tētahi wāhi e pana ana te wāhi he nuinga nui ki te arai i ēnei raruraru me te pupuri i te mahi pai i te wā.

Pānga o te ao tūmatanui: te 40% whakapoto i te ora o mua i te 35°C ki te 20°C — he aha ngā pānga mō ngā rorohiko, ngā pūkahī hiko, me ngā taputapu hauora pūrere

Ina mahi, neke atu anō i te wā poka ki ngā wera hāngai, ka kitea ngā whakaeke pono ki tō rātou mahi i te wā. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau mō te 35 kēlupini āpiti ana ki te tohu 20C arataki, ka heke te ora o te ripanga umangaia e te 40%. Ka hua tēnei nā te piki ake o ngā whakarewa kimikara kei roto, ka hua ai ngā mea pēnei i te hanganga o te rewharewha SEI me te wehenga o te haurangi. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhilmau rorohiko te kitea i tēnei ina mahi ana rātou ki ngā taiao wera - kāore ano ō rātou taputapu e toro tonu ana i waenganui i ngā uta, ā, ka wareware haere te maha o mua i te kitenga. Tēnei anō te tikanga mō ngā kōpae hiko i ngā karaihe i ngā rā raumati. Ka marorihia ēnei noa, ka tino kino ai hei whakamahi anō. Mō ngā taputapu hauora pēnei i ngā taputapu mātai tūmatanui, ko te whakahaere wera he mea matua herekore. Mēnā kāore he whakahaere pai mō te wera, kāore ēnei taputapu e mahi tika ana, ā, ka taea pea te whakaweti i te tangata. Ahakoa e huri ana ētahi ara hei awhina i ēnei raruraru, pērā i te tāpiri i ngā pūnaha whakamauroto ranei, rānei rānei kia kaua ngā taputapu ki te rā tūhono i ia wā e taea ana, engari ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata ka hiahia pea kia mōhio ake mō te wāhi, me pēhea rātou e whakaputangia ai ō rātou taputapu hiko.

Ngā Tikanga Mātai TūāPunga kia Roa ake te Ora o te Pungarei Riata Kākahu Kaha Kaha

Te ture 20–80% SOC: Mātai whakamātau, te pūmahara o te kaitiaki, me ngā putanga mō te roa o te ora i te ao whai ao

Ko te pupuri i ngā pūhiko rītai hōiho raihana ki waenganui i te 20% me te 80% e āwhina ana kia iti ake ngā pēhanga electrochemical, ka roa ake ai te ora o ngā pūhiko. Ina tata ki ngā taumata hautau e 4.1 nga vōriu ki ia sel, ka tīmata ngā raru ki ngā matapae cathode ina heke te hanganga, ā, ka oxidised te electrolyte. I te taha arataki, ina heke te pūhiko ki raro ake i te 20%, ka whanake ngā mōrearea mō ngā anode kore tātai, me te mea e kiia nei ko te plating raihana kore hoki. Ko te āti-atitanga mai i ēnei āhuatanga e rua, ko te haerenga uta atu mai i te 20 ki te 80% e āki ai te hanganga o ngā takotoranga SEI, ā, e pupūri ai i ngā electrode mō wā roa ake. Ko ngā whakamātautau i te ao tinana e whakaatu ana ko ngā taputapu e arataki ana ki tēnei tauwā uta-uta e roa ake ana te ora pērā i te 30% tērā i ngā taputapu e haere ana i te katoa mai i te kore ki te katoa tonu.

He aha ai ‘ka ngenge te katoa’ e hauraro ai ngā pūhiko hōiho raihana kua hou noa nei — te whakakore i ngā pānuinga tawhito mō ngā NiCd

I ngā wā o mua, i te hiahia ngā pūhiko nikilu kādhimiama ki ngā whakaputanga tōtō hei whakaiti i ngā raru 'memory', engari ēnei wā e wehe ana ngā tikanga me te aronga lithium-ion. Ko te heke iho ki te kore ōrite ki te whakapai ake i ngā raru mō ēnei pūhiko i te wā roa. Ina tīmata ngā tāngata ki te whakaputa i ēnei pūhiko katoa, ka hua ētahi raru matua e rua: ka tīmata te wehe haere o te paraihe, ā, ka pakaru te anōhi. Tirohia ngā mea ka hua i muri i te 500 whakakī pūhiko: ko ngā pūhiko i paingia katoa ia wā ka ngaro i te 25% atu ake i te maha o te mātai i ngā pūhiko i pupuri ai i runga ake i te 20%. Ā, kei te tino raru anō hoki. Ko ngā whakaputanga pōtiki e taea ana te whakahohe i te mea e mōhiotia ana hei 'undervoltage lockout' i te punaha whakahaere pūhiko, ā, ina hua kē tēnei, ka mutu pea te mahi pūhiko mō reira. Nō reira ko ngā whakaputanga hautau he mea nui rawa—ehara i te mea noa i te pai, engari he mea tino nui mēnā e hiahia ana tētahi kia roa ake ngā pūhiko i te wā roa.

Ngā Whiriwhiringa Pakanga Whakakī: Whakakī Marika vs. Te Uaua o te Pūhiko Mātātoko Karioitike

Ko te tāpoi tere e whakamāmae ana i te ao, engari he utu ki te tāpoi. Ko te tikanga e tere ake ai te wareware i te pūhiko nā te wera e hāngia ana me tētahi mea e kiia nei ko te pātini rino. Ina tāpoi mātau i te pūhiko, ka wera, ka pā ki te rāwekenga o te rāwekenga SEI, ka kai i ngā ion rino. Anei hoki, ka tīmata ngā taonga metara ki te hanga i te anode i te wā. Ka taea e ēnei taonga te whakapōki ai i te mātā o te pūhiko e 40% i te tāpoi noa. Ko te tāpoi māmā e pupuri ana i ngā mea katoa ki roto i te pūhiko nā te wā e hāunga ai ngā ion, engari me aro nui kia kore e hia ona hāora te tāpoi mō ō rātou taputapu ina tū ake rātou. Ko tētahi ture pai ko te whakaritenga i te tāpoi tere mō ngā take tūmatanui anake. Mō te whakamahi i ia rā, me pupuri i ngā tere tāpoi pēnei i te 0.5C ki te 1C i ia wā e taea ana. Me mahara hoki ki te tirotiro i te wera i te wā o te tāpoi tere kia kaua ai te pūhiko e marere ana nā te wera tino.

Nga Arataki Mo Te Pūmahara Roa-Mo Te Paparorohiko Rihi-Tuuturu Karioitanga

Nga Tūāhuatanga Tūāpapa Tino Whaitua: 40–60% SOC i te 10–15°C — Kua Whakamāoritia e Ngā Paerewa Ahumahi

Ina whakaputangia ngā pūhiko rerehua riro rānei mō ngā wā roa, me whai te 40-60% te rahi o te whakakī, ā, me whakaputangia ki tētahi wāhi makariri i waenganui i te 10-15 niuwehe. Ko tēnei wāhi pai hei aukati i te waihanga o ngā matū koiora ki roto, ā, hei whakamāmā i te tōtika ki ngā wāhanga māmā o te pūhiko. Mēnā ka piki ake te wāhi ki runga ake i te 25 niuwehe, ka tere ake te kino me te hua o te hui haora hoki, ā, ētahi atu raru. I te taha arataki, mēnā ka noho te pūhiko i te rahi iti rawa o te hiko, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te parurenga o ngā wāhanga metara ki roto, ā, he raru nui te kīanga katoa. Ko te waimārie anō hoki te hoariri – mēnā he aha te 60% te nui ake o te parurenga, ka kai i ngā wāhi hono, nō reira he pai ake te whakaputa ki tētahi kōpae me ētahi mea horoi pērā i ngā kete silica gel. Ā, āta whakaaetia ēnei aratohu e ngā ingoa rongonui i te haumātaotanga pūhiko (UL 1642, IEC 62133), ā, mēnā ka arataki koe ki ēnei, ka noho tonu pea te 98% o te hiko takotoranga i muri i te tau e noho ana. Kaua e wareware ki te tiro i te rārangi whakakī i ngā wā katoa e toru marama, ā, me whakakī anō ki te haurua mēnā e hiahiatia ana. He hinga tino kino ngā kīanga katoa i te wā o te whakaputa mō ngā pūhiko riro, nā te mea ka whakararu i te hanganga anode mō te wā roa. Arataki ana ki ngā momo NiCd tawhito i taea ai te āhua wareware, e hiahiatia ana te aro nui ake mō te riro hōu, kia mahi tika anō i muri i te whakaputanga.

Ngā Pātai Auau mō ngā Pūtau Taraka Rerekē Ipurangi Rītini

Pēhea e pāngia ai te wera i te ora roa o te pūtau rītini?

Ko te wera e whai whakaaro nui ana ki te mahi a te pūtau rītini. Ko te mahi ki ngā wera whānui ka huruhuru ake ngā whakaritenga kimikimeka e pārahi ana i te pūtau, ka pā ki te poto i tana ora roa.

He aha te roanga tāpoi tino pai mō ngā pūtau rītini-ion?

Ko te pupuri i te tāpoi i waenganui i te 20% ki te 80% te mea tino pai mō ngā pūtau rītini-ion nā te mea ka iti ake te pānga ki a rātou, ka roa ake te ora.

He aha te take e kino ai te tāpoi tere ki te hauora o te pūtau?

Ko te tāpoi tere ka whakaputangia ake te wera me te hiahiatia i ake te rere, ka huruhuru ake te warenga me te hanga i ngā taunekeneke rītini e iti ake ai te mōhio.

He aha ngā tikanga tino pai hei whakaputaputa ai i ngā pūtau rītini?

Whakaputapua ngā pūtau rītini ki te 40-60% tāpoi, ā, ki tētahi taiao makariri i waenganui i te 10-15°C kia iti ake te pakaru kimikimeka me te roa ake te ora.