Tēnei he aratohu katoa mō te haumaru o ngā pūhiko lithium i ngā rākau iPhone

Me pēhea ngā pūhiko lithium-ion e mahi ana i ngā iPhone—me te take i rere ai ngā pānga haumaru

Te Whakamārama i te Rere Hāngai: Te Tāwhai Ake o ngā Hāngai i ngā Ahi o ngā Pūhiko Lithium o te iPhone

Ko ngā pūhiko lithium-ion i tēnei wā i ngā iPhone e mahi ana mā te neke atu, neke mai i ngā whakamātua āwhina e rua, arā ko ngā cathode me ngā anode, i te wā e whakamānui ana, e whakamāmā ana hoki. Ko te mea i rere ai ēnei pūhiko hei whakamārama mō ā mātou rākau, ko tā rātou whai i te hirahira o te hiko i ngā wāhi iti, engari ko tēnei anō te āhua e whai ana i ngā pānga pūmau. I te wā e hinga ana ngā pūhiko, he nui ngā take i rere ai, arā ko te ‘thermal runaway’. Ka hinga tēnei i te wā e mātao ake ana te pūhiko, i te 80°C, ā, he rereke pea ngā tauira. I te wā e hinga ana tēnei kōrero, ka tīmata te whakamāmā o te rākau whakamāmā i roto, e whai ana i ngā whakamātua āwhina kaha. Ko ngā whakamātua āwhina kaha nei e whakamāmā ana i ngā whakarewa kimikā e whai ana i te mātao, i te hauā, me ngā hau pāpaku katoa i tēnei wā. Ka tīmata te mātao e tū ake ana ki te 400°C i roto i ngā herengi tuatahi, ā, he rereke pea ngā take, arā ko ngā ahi, ko ngā pāpaku hoki. Ko ngā take mātua i rere ai, ko te whakarere, ko te whakamāmā, ko ngā kaiwhakamānui kore uara, ko ngā wāhi mātao tonu, arā ko ngā waka i ngā rā mātāo.

Ngā take tūturu: Ngā take o te iPhone Lithium Battery me ngā tauira take taketake

I te titiro ki ngā take tūturu e whakaatu ana he tauira mārama i taea e mātou te aukati. I te tau kua hipa anake, tata ki te rua hauwhā o ngā ahi katoa o te pūhiko iPhone i puta mai nā te mea i pakaru ngā pūtau o roto. Ko te nuinga o te wā ko te taka o ngā waea, te huka noa i te wā, te whakamahi rānei i ngā pūhiko utu iti kāore e rite ki ngā whakaritenga. Ko te CPSC i konei i te US me ngā tuhinga haumaru rererangi e tohu ana ka tīmata ngā pūhiko ki te whakawhānui i te mea ka pakaru ngā matū i roto i a rātau, ka arahi ki ngā āhuatanga whakawera rawa mōrearea e kiia ana ko ngā rerenga wera. Engari i runga i te pono? He tokomaha te iwi e wareware ana ki ngā tohu kei te wera kino tō rātou waea, kei te mahi rānei i te pōturi tae noa ki te wā kua pōuri rawa.

I tuhia e ngā rererangi 62 ngā take pākahiko lithium i te hauwhā tuatahi 2024 anake, me ngā waea atamai e 38% e whakaatu ana he aha te mea nui ai ngā taonga kua whakamanahia me te aroturuki pākahiko whaiaro mō te haumaru pākahiko lithium iPhone.

Te mōhio ki ngā tohu whakatūpato wawe o tētahi pūhiko lithium e kore e pai mō te iPhone

Ngā Tohu Whero e kitea ana, e kitea ana hoki e ngā pūoko: Te pupuhi, te hurihanga o te tae, te kakara, me te rere

Ko ngā huringa ā-tinana te tohu tino pono o te whakaheke i te pūhiko. Aroturuki mō:

• Te whākōkī : Ka whakakahoretia e tētahi pūhiko e puta ana te āhua o te waea, i te nuinga o te wā mā te hiki i te mata, te whakapeka rānei i te kōpaki nā te whakapūmau hau mai i te waikura o te hiko. He tohu tino nui tēnei o te pakaru matū kore.
• Te whakapārurenga : Ngā pātaki kōwhai, waikura rānei i runga i te mata pūhiko: te waikura o te tohu me te hapa o te rauemi hikohikohe mea noa ki te rere wera.
• Huarere : He kakara, he kakara rite ki te waikura (rite ki te tango i te peita kukupa) e tohu ana i te waikura e rere anahe matū tino rere, mura, e mura ana te mura i te wa e pa ana ki te hau.
• Te whakaeke : Ko te waiariki e kitea ana, te toenga rānei i te taha o ngā kōpae, ngā aho, i raro rānei i te whakaaturanga e whakapūtā ana i te pakaru o te kōpaki. Ko te whakapā o te hiko ki te arawhata ka hanga i ngā mōrearea poto-taiao.

Ko tētahi o ēnei tohu e tono ana kia tūmataiti te pūrere. Ko te whakamahinga tonu ka raru te tahunga, te tuku o ngā hau matū rānei, tae atu ki te hydrogen fluoride me te carbon monoxide.

Ngā mōrearea e haere tonu ana: He wera, he pupuhi, he paowa, he ngaro ohorere rānei o te pūngao

I te mea e haere tonu ana te whakaū, ka kaha ake ngā tohu, ka mōrearea:

• He wera rerekē : Ko te wera tonu i te wā e whakamahia ana, e utu ana rānei, e whakaatu ana i te piki haere o te ātete ā-roto. Ko ngā pāmahana i runga ake i te 38°C (100°F) ka tere ake te whakaheke pūtau, ka whakakorehia te pūmautanga o te paparanga SEI.
• Te whakaeke : Ko te whakawhānui haere ka whakaarahia ngā wāhanga hanganga. Ko te hiki i te mata, te wehe rānei i te whare, e tohu ana i te pakaru tata o te kōpaki, me te tuku pea i ngā kōpaki wera.
• Te paowa : Ko ngā paowa e kitea ana e whakapūtā ana i te rere wera. Whakamutua te hiko i te wā tonu, ka whakatakoto i te pūrere ki runga i tētahi mata kore-pupuku, i tawhiti atu i ngā pūkaha.
• Te Ngaro o te Mana : Ko ngā whakaweto ohorere i te 2050% utu e tohu ana i te hinganga o te ngaohikohe tohu o ngā pūtau tawhito e ngaro ana i te kaha kawenga, e kore hoki e taea te whakarite i te whakawātea haumaru.

Ka tere haere ēnei mōrearea. I te tohu tuatahi o te paowa, te nui ranei o te pupuhi, kati te whakamahi me te whakarite i te whakakore ngaio ma Apple, ma tetahi whare e-taonga ranei.

Nga Tikanga Whakauru Haumaru hei Tiaki i te Pūhiko Lithium o to iPhone

He mea nui ngā tikanga utu pai ina tae mai ki te pupuri i ngā pūhiko kia haumaru, kia roa hoki. Ko te raru nui rawa atu o ngā pūhiko lithium-ion ko te pāmahana e whakapūmau ana. Mēnā ka piki ake te pāmahana ki te 10 nekehanga i te pāmahana o te ruma, ka tere ake te tukanga whakaheke matū e tata ana ki te 15 ōrau e ai ki ētahi rangahau o nā tata nei mai i CNET. Kei a Apple tēnei āhuatanga e kiia nei ko te Whakatika Pūhiko Whakapaipai e whakamutua ana te utu i te 80% kia nui ake ai te mana e hiahiatia ana e te pūrere i muri mai. Engari kia pono, kaore enei ahuatanga mohio katoa e awhina nui mena kaore e utua e tatou a maatau taputapu. Kaua e whakapiri i ngā waea ki raro i ngā kākahu, waiho kia tunu i te rā, kaua hoki e waiho ki roto i ngā pouaka matotoru, ka mau tonu ai i a rātou anō te wera. Ko ngā mea māmā pēnei ka nui te rerekētanga ki te roa o te ora o ā tātou pūhiko i mua i te hiahia ki te whakakapi.

Te whakamahi i ngā taputapu MFi-whakaaetia me OEM Chargers mō te pono Bateria rītahi mō te iphone Mahitahi

Ko nga rihi MFi whaimana a Apple ka haere i nga whakamatautau tino kaha na Apple ano. Ka tirohia e rātau ngā mea katoa mai i te pai o te whakahaere i te ngaohiko ki te aroturuki tika i te pāmahana me te ārai i ngā tūāwhiotanga poto. He maha nga rihi tuatoru-a-roto kaore i te whakauru i enei ahuatanga ahuru nui. He pūoko wera wā tūturu? Te mana tika i runga i te rere o nāianei? Ko ēnei mea e ngaro ana i roto i ngā hua kāore i te tiwhikete. Ka tupu tēnei, kāore te mana e rere pūmau ana, nā reira ka nui ake te wera i roto i ngā pūrere. Ka roa, ka hua ake he mea e kiia nei ko te tipu o te dendrite i roto i ngā pūtau pūhiko, ā, e mōhio ana tātou katoa he aha te tikanga o tēnei mō ā tātou waea e mate wawe ana i te mea i tūmanakohia.

He aha ngā pūhiko tuatoru me ngā pūhiko hou i whakanui ai i te mōrearea o te ahi me te kore

Ko ngā pūhiko kua whakamahia, otirā ko ngā mea kāore i te haere tika mai i ngā kaiwhakarato mana o Apple, ka ngaro ngā wāhanga nui pēnei i ngā wehe tika i waenganui i ngā pūtau, ngā pūhiko tiaki wera, me ngā pūnaha whakahaere utu tika. He maha ngā wa e puta mai ai ngā pūhiko hē me ngā rauemi e mura ana te mura, ngā aho rānei e tino angiangi ana ki te whakahaere i te mana katoa i ngā wā utu tere. E ai ki tētahi rangahau i mahia e te Consumer Product Safety Commission i te tau 2023, tata ki te waru o te tekau ngā raruraru i pā ki te utu iPhone i puta mai nā te mea kei te whakamahi ngā tāngata i ngā taonga kāore i te tiwhikete. I ngā take nei, he nui ake te kaha o te ngaohiko i ngā taumata haumaru, i ētahi wā ka piki ake i te rua tekau ōrau ki tua atu i ngā rohe e whakaaetia ana. Whakakotahitia tēnei ki ngā pūhiko pūhiko tawhito, rua rānei, ā, ka tino mōrearea ngā mea, nā te mea he nui ake te tūponotanga o te wera nui, me te ahi pea. Na, ki te mea he mea nui te haumaru, kia karo i:

• Nga rihi kaore he tiwhikete USB-IF, he waitohu MFi ranei
• Ngā pūhanga whakamātua e kore nei i tā Apple te whakauru i te whakamārama o te hōhi
• Tēnei he wāhanga e whakamāhinga ana, e whakamāhinga ana, e whakamāhinga ana, i te whakamāhinga o te 'Kāore i tautūhia te Wāhanga'

Te Whakamārama i te Taiao: Te Hōhi, te Whakaputanga, me ngā Tikanga Tika o te Whakamāhua

Ko ngā pūhanga lithium ion e mahi pai ana i rō i ngā rohe hōhi āhua. I tā Apple te whakamārama kia mau ngā rākau i waenganui i te 0°C me te 35°C (hei whakamārama anō, i waenganui i te 32° me te 95°F). Mēnā kāore ngā rākau i tēnei rohe pai i te wā roa, ka tīmata te pūhanga ki te pakaru ake i te tāraiwa. Inā he hōhi tonu, i te nuinga o ngā 35°C, ka ngaro te 20% o te kapae o te pūhanga i ia tau. He rerekē anō te raruraru i te hukapapa, i raro i te freezing point. Ka piki te whakawhitinga o roto, ā, ko te rākau e taea pea te whakamātua tonu ahakoa he maha ngā hau o te pūhanga i roto. Nō reira, he rite tonu ngā kaiwhakamāhi i tā rātou wāhine i te tau mātātini i te tau mātātini, ahakoa he maha ngā hau o te pūhanga.

Mō te whakamāngunganga roa, whakamāhinga i ngā pūhiko i te wāhi o te hāngai ~50% i ngā wāhi makariri (15–22°C), mātā (i raro i te 50% o te whānui o te hukapapa). Whakakorehia:

• Te whātata ki te tāwhai o te rā, i ngā wāhi mākū kē, pērā i ngā pae o ngā waka
• Ngā wāhi mātā i reira ka hāngai ai te hukapapa, ā, ka whānui ai ngā whakauru
• Ngā wāhi kīkī i reira ka hāngai ai te pāhanga, ā, ka whānui ai ngā pūhiko

I te whakamāhi i ia rā:

• Tango i ngā kāpae mātā i te wā o te whakamāhi anuanu kia pai ake te whakawhitinga o te hōhā
• Kāore he whakaaetanga kia waiho ngā rākau i ngā waka e noho ana—ka taea ngā hāngai o waho o te waka te tāpiri atu ki te 70°C (158°F) i raro i te hāora kotahi
• Whakamātua i te wā o te whakamāhi roa ki ngā hāngai tino makariri, i ngā hāngai tino mākū

Ko ngā whakamātautau a Apple mō te roa o te ora o ngā pūhiko e whakaatu ana ko ngā pūhiko e whakamāngunganga ana i te 25°C, me te hāngai o te 50%, e mau ana i te ~80% o te kapae tuatahi i muri i te tau kotahi—i tēnei wā, ko te 65% anake inā whakamāngunganga ana i te hāngai katoa i te 40°C. Ko ēnei tikanga e whai ana i ngā whakamātautau, e whakamāmā ana i te hōhā o te hāngai—ko tēnei te take nui tonu o te hinga o ngā pūhiko o te lithium i ngā iPhone i mua i te wā.